Software Engineering - Software Quality Assurance & Security
EXPLAIN : PROJECT SCHEDULING
- A Project is nothing but a Group of Many Tasks, And Each task has "Start" & "End" Dates.
- A Project Scheduling is a Kind of Document that Summarizes the Work Required to Deliver the Project on Time.
- It also Distributes the Estimated Efforts across the Planned Project Period.
- Simple, We can say that the Project Scheduling establishes the "Road Map" for the Project Manager.
EXPLAIN : WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE / WBS
- The process of Dividing Complex Projects to Simpler & Manageable Work Items is known as the Work Breakdown Structure / WBS.
- Work Item is also called as "Task". Example of Work Item is Creating a Database Table with the Test Data.
- Project Managers use this Technique for the Simplification in Project Execution.
DEFINE : REASONS FOR CREATING A "WBS" IN A PROJECT
- Accurate Project Organization.
- Accurate Task of Responsibilities to the Project Team.
- Accurate Estimation of the Cost, Time & Risk involved in the Project.
- To Illustrate the Project Scope.
- To Plan the Project according to Availability of the Resources.
EXPLAIN : SCHEDULING TECHNIQUE
- Scheduling is one of the Critical Activities for Project in any of the Field.
- Software Project Scheduling is nothing but Action that distributes Estimated Efforts across the Planned Project Time Interval by allocating the Effort to Specific Software Engineering Tasks.
- Scheduling Technique can also involve the Overtime in the Project.
ENLIST : PRIMARY SCHEDULING TECHNIQUES
- CPM : Critical Path Method.
- PERT : Program Evaluation Review Technique.
EXPLAIN : CRITICAL PATH METHOD / CPM
- Critical Path method is based on Mathematical Calculations which are used for Scheduling Project Activities.
- This Method was first introduced in 1950s.
- Initially, The Critical Path Method was used for Managing the Plant Maintenance Projects.
- If the Delay Occurs, Then it will Ultimately leads to the Delay in the Project deliverables.
- In the Critical path Method, The Critical Activities of a Project are First Identified.
DEFINE : STEPS INVOLVED IN "CPM"
- Activity Specification : While specifying the Activity, Generally the Higher Level Activities are selected for the Critical Path Method. If Detailed Activities are used, "CPM" may become More Complex to Understand.
- Activity Sequence Re-Organization : It identifies the Tasks that place before the Critical Task happens, Tasks which should be Completed & the Tasks that should happen immediately after the Critical Task.
- Network Diagram : Once the Activity Sequence is Identified, The Network Diagram can be Drawn.
- Estimates for Each Activity : This is the Direct Input from the "WBS" based Estimation Sheet.
- Identification of the Critical Path
EXPLAIN : PROJECT TRACKING
- The Project Schedule is a Road Map which defines the tasks & Milestones that are to be Tracked & Controlled as the Project proceeds.
- Tracking can be done by Project Status Meetings periodically, By Evaluating the Reviews, Setting Project Deadlines & Etc.
- All of these Tracking Techniques are Used By Experienced Project Managers.
EXPLAIN : EARNED VALUE ANALYSIS / EVA
- EVA is the Key technique used in Project Management.
- The purpose of Earned Value Analysis is to understand how the Project is Progressing.
- EVA is used to Estimate the Progress of a Project based on Earnings / Money & Schedules are Calculated on the Basis of EVA.
- Simply, Earned Value is a Measure of "Progress" to Evaluate "Percentage of Completeness".
- It Measures the Project Performance in Terms of Scope, Cost & Time.
DEFINE : FEATURES OF "EVA"
- It is used to Evaluate the Project Health & Project Performance.
- It is also used for Monitoring the Progress of a Software Project / Team which involves Tasks allocated.
- Total Time required to Complete the Project is Calculated & Each task is given an Earned Value, Based on Estimated (%) out of the Total.
DEFINE : NEED OF "EVA"
- EVA provides the Measures of the Project Process of Different Tasks associated with Project, So it is a Single Way of Measuring each & every Point in the Project.
- It also provides a Signal for Corrective Action in the Project. The Types of Signals can be the Time to Recover or A Request for Additional Funds / Resources.
EXPLAIN : KEY ELEMENTS OF "EVA"
- Planned Value / PV : Allocated Cost for the Project which is Approved, it was known as Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled (BCWS).
- Earned Value / EV : The Budgeted Value of the Completed Work packages. It was also known as the Budgeted Cost of Work Performance (BCWP).
- Actual Cost / AC : It is involved during the Execution of the Project Work. It was also known as Actual Cost of Work Performed (ACWP).
DEFINE : TOOLS & TECHNIQUES
- Schedule Maker.
- Planisware OPX2.
- RiskTrak.
- Winsight.
- Primavera.
EXPLAIN : INTRODUCTION TO GANTT CHARTS
- Gantt Chart is a Kind of a bar Chart that is used for Representing Project Schedules.
- They can be used in Any Projects that involve Effort, Resources, Milestones & Deliveries.
- At Present, Gantt Charts have became Very Popular in Every Field for Managing the Project Schedules.
- Gantt Charts allow the Project Managers to Track the Progress of the Entire Project.
-Gantt Charts can be used in Large Projects, They can be used for any kid of Project Size.
EXPLAIN : USE OF GANTT CHARTS
- To use the Gantt Charts in a Project, There are few Initial Requirements that has to be Fulfilled by the Project:
• The Project should have a Sufficiently given Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
• The Project should have Identified it's Milestones & Deliveries.
- If the Project is Large, The Complexity for the Gantt Charts are Increased Easily.
- But the Complexity can Overcome Successfully by using Computer Software Packages Designed for Offering Gantt Charts. Errors can be Occurred while using Gantt Charts.
DEFINE : ADVANTAGES & DIS-ADVANTAGES OF GANTT CHARTS
- Advantages:
• Easy to Represent the Tasks, Sub-tasks, Milestones & Projects visually on a Graph.
• Clear Visibility of Dates 7 Time Frames.
• It helps the Plans to see by Day, Week, Month & Years
• It helps in Efficient Time Management.
• It is Easy to Check the Project Status.
- Dis-Advantages:
• Difficult to Manage & Update the Charts.
• In-Complete Visibility of the Tasks.
• All the Tasks are not Available to View in a Single view of Gantt.
• Scrolling & Additional Buttons should be used to View the Remaining Items.
• it is Not Easy to Re-Align the Tasks from One Section to Another.
EXPLAIN : SOFTWARE QUALITY MANAGEMENT / SQM
- SQM is a Method that Guarantees that Required Level of Software is Achieved, So that the Users are Satisfied by the Performance.
- The process involves Quality Assurance, Quality Planning & the Quality Control.
- SQM will make sure that the Necessary Level of Quality is achieved by Correcting the Improvements to the Product Development Process.
- There are 3 Main Activities in Software Quality Management:
• Quality Assurance : SQA is a Set of Activities to ensure the Quality in Software Engineering Processes that finally results in Quality Software Products.
• Quality Planning : The Selection of Appropriate Procedures & Standards from Project Framework & used for a Specific Software project.
• Quality Control : it defines the Process of Ensuring that Software Development follows the Quality Procedures & Standards.
EXPLAIN : SOFTWARE QUALITY ASSURANCE / SQA
- It is a Group of Activities to Gurantee that the Quality in Software Engineering Processes is Maintained.
- It makes sure that the Developed Software Project should Meet & Compile with the Pre Defined Quality Specifications.
- It is an Ongoing Activity in the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) that Consistently checks the Developed Software.
- SQA Practices are Adapted in most types of Software Development Industries.
- By using the SQA, The Software Development Activities moves into the Next Level only if the Present / Prior Level Compiles with the Required Quality Standards.
- ACTIVITIES:
• To identify the Weakness in the processes.
• Correct those Weakness to Constantly Improve the process.
• Auditing & Guidance.
• Process Definition & Accomplishment.
FIX QUALITY
SQA ACTIVITIES
SQA PROCESSES
PHASES OF SQA
SIX SIGMA
CHARACTERISTICS OF SIX SIGMA
KEY CONCEPTS OF SIX SIGMA
- A Project is nothing but a Group of Many Tasks, And Each task has "Start" & "End" Dates.
- A Project Scheduling is a Kind of Document that Summarizes the Work Required to Deliver the Project on Time.
- It also Distributes the Estimated Efforts across the Planned Project Period.
- Simple, We can say that the Project Scheduling establishes the "Road Map" for the Project Manager.
EXPLAIN : WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE / WBS
- The process of Dividing Complex Projects to Simpler & Manageable Work Items is known as the Work Breakdown Structure / WBS.
- Work Item is also called as "Task". Example of Work Item is Creating a Database Table with the Test Data.
- Project Managers use this Technique for the Simplification in Project Execution.
DEFINE : REASONS FOR CREATING A "WBS" IN A PROJECT
- Accurate Project Organization.
- Accurate Task of Responsibilities to the Project Team.
- Accurate Estimation of the Cost, Time & Risk involved in the Project.
- To Illustrate the Project Scope.
- To Plan the Project according to Availability of the Resources.
EXPLAIN : SCHEDULING TECHNIQUE
- Scheduling is one of the Critical Activities for Project in any of the Field.
- Software Project Scheduling is nothing but Action that distributes Estimated Efforts across the Planned Project Time Interval by allocating the Effort to Specific Software Engineering Tasks.
- Scheduling Technique can also involve the Overtime in the Project.
ENLIST : PRIMARY SCHEDULING TECHNIQUES
- CPM : Critical Path Method.
- PERT : Program Evaluation Review Technique.
EXPLAIN : CRITICAL PATH METHOD / CPM
- Critical Path method is based on Mathematical Calculations which are used for Scheduling Project Activities.
- This Method was first introduced in 1950s.
- Initially, The Critical Path Method was used for Managing the Plant Maintenance Projects.
- If the Delay Occurs, Then it will Ultimately leads to the Delay in the Project deliverables.
- In the Critical path Method, The Critical Activities of a Project are First Identified.
DEFINE : STEPS INVOLVED IN "CPM"
- Activity Specification : While specifying the Activity, Generally the Higher Level Activities are selected for the Critical Path Method. If Detailed Activities are used, "CPM" may become More Complex to Understand.
- Activity Sequence Re-Organization : It identifies the Tasks that place before the Critical Task happens, Tasks which should be Completed & the Tasks that should happen immediately after the Critical Task.
- Network Diagram : Once the Activity Sequence is Identified, The Network Diagram can be Drawn.
- Estimates for Each Activity : This is the Direct Input from the "WBS" based Estimation Sheet.
- Identification of the Critical Path
EXPLAIN : PROJECT TRACKING
- The Project Schedule is a Road Map which defines the tasks & Milestones that are to be Tracked & Controlled as the Project proceeds.
- Tracking can be done by Project Status Meetings periodically, By Evaluating the Reviews, Setting Project Deadlines & Etc.
- All of these Tracking Techniques are Used By Experienced Project Managers.
EXPLAIN : EARNED VALUE ANALYSIS / EVA
- EVA is the Key technique used in Project Management.
- The purpose of Earned Value Analysis is to understand how the Project is Progressing.
- EVA is used to Estimate the Progress of a Project based on Earnings / Money & Schedules are Calculated on the Basis of EVA.
- Simply, Earned Value is a Measure of "Progress" to Evaluate "Percentage of Completeness".
- It Measures the Project Performance in Terms of Scope, Cost & Time.
DEFINE : FEATURES OF "EVA"
- It is used to Evaluate the Project Health & Project Performance.
- It is also used for Monitoring the Progress of a Software Project / Team which involves Tasks allocated.
- Total Time required to Complete the Project is Calculated & Each task is given an Earned Value, Based on Estimated (%) out of the Total.
DEFINE : NEED OF "EVA"
- EVA provides the Measures of the Project Process of Different Tasks associated with Project, So it is a Single Way of Measuring each & every Point in the Project.
- It also provides a Signal for Corrective Action in the Project. The Types of Signals can be the Time to Recover or A Request for Additional Funds / Resources.
EXPLAIN : KEY ELEMENTS OF "EVA"
- Planned Value / PV : Allocated Cost for the Project which is Approved, it was known as Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled (BCWS).
- Earned Value / EV : The Budgeted Value of the Completed Work packages. It was also known as the Budgeted Cost of Work Performance (BCWP).
- Actual Cost / AC : It is involved during the Execution of the Project Work. It was also known as Actual Cost of Work Performed (ACWP).
DEFINE : TOOLS & TECHNIQUES
- Schedule Maker.
- Planisware OPX2.
- RiskTrak.
- Winsight.
- Primavera.
EXPLAIN : INTRODUCTION TO GANTT CHARTS
- Gantt Chart is a Kind of a bar Chart that is used for Representing Project Schedules.
- They can be used in Any Projects that involve Effort, Resources, Milestones & Deliveries.
- At Present, Gantt Charts have became Very Popular in Every Field for Managing the Project Schedules.
- Gantt Charts allow the Project Managers to Track the Progress of the Entire Project.
-Gantt Charts can be used in Large Projects, They can be used for any kid of Project Size.
EXPLAIN : USE OF GANTT CHARTS
- To use the Gantt Charts in a Project, There are few Initial Requirements that has to be Fulfilled by the Project:
• The Project should have a Sufficiently given Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
• The Project should have Identified it's Milestones & Deliveries.
- If the Project is Large, The Complexity for the Gantt Charts are Increased Easily.
- But the Complexity can Overcome Successfully by using Computer Software Packages Designed for Offering Gantt Charts. Errors can be Occurred while using Gantt Charts.
DEFINE : ADVANTAGES & DIS-ADVANTAGES OF GANTT CHARTS
- Advantages:
• Easy to Represent the Tasks, Sub-tasks, Milestones & Projects visually on a Graph.
• Clear Visibility of Dates 7 Time Frames.
• It helps the Plans to see by Day, Week, Month & Years
• It helps in Efficient Time Management.
• It is Easy to Check the Project Status.
- Dis-Advantages:
• Difficult to Manage & Update the Charts.
• In-Complete Visibility of the Tasks.
• All the Tasks are not Available to View in a Single view of Gantt.
• Scrolling & Additional Buttons should be used to View the Remaining Items.
• it is Not Easy to Re-Align the Tasks from One Section to Another.
EXPLAIN : SOFTWARE QUALITY MANAGEMENT / SQM
- SQM is a Method that Guarantees that Required Level of Software is Achieved, So that the Users are Satisfied by the Performance.
- The process involves Quality Assurance, Quality Planning & the Quality Control.
- SQM will make sure that the Necessary Level of Quality is achieved by Correcting the Improvements to the Product Development Process.
- There are 3 Main Activities in Software Quality Management:
• Quality Assurance : SQA is a Set of Activities to ensure the Quality in Software Engineering Processes that finally results in Quality Software Products.
• Quality Planning : The Selection of Appropriate Procedures & Standards from Project Framework & used for a Specific Software project.
• Quality Control : it defines the Process of Ensuring that Software Development follows the Quality Procedures & Standards.
EXPLAIN : SOFTWARE QUALITY ASSURANCE / SQA
- It is a Group of Activities to Gurantee that the Quality in Software Engineering Processes is Maintained.
- It makes sure that the Developed Software Project should Meet & Compile with the Pre Defined Quality Specifications.
- It is an Ongoing Activity in the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) that Consistently checks the Developed Software.
- SQA Practices are Adapted in most types of Software Development Industries.
- By using the SQA, The Software Development Activities moves into the Next Level only if the Present / Prior Level Compiles with the Required Quality Standards.
- ACTIVITIES:
• To identify the Weakness in the processes.
• Correct those Weakness to Constantly Improve the process.
• Auditing & Guidance.
• Process Definition & Accomplishment.
FIX QUALITY
SQA ACTIVITIES
SQA PROCESSES
PHASES OF SQA
SIX SIGMA
CHARACTERISTICS OF SIX SIGMA
KEY CONCEPTS OF SIX SIGMA